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Hormones affect the blood supply to the gum tissue as well as the body's response to toxins that result from the buildup of dental plaque. As a result, women are more at risk for the development of periodontal (gum) disease at certain stages of their lives related to hormonal changes. And, because gum disease is a bacterial infection, bacteria can enter the bloodstream. Over the past several years, studies suggest that this might be a factor in certain health situations such as:
During puberty, the surge in the hormones estrogen and progesterone can increase the blood flow to the gums and change the way gum tissue reacts to irritants in dental plaque. This reaction can cause the gums to become red, tender, swollen, and more likely to bleed during brushing and flossing. Adolescent women may also be more prone to cold sores and canker sores. Careful attention to daily oral hygiene care, through flossing and brushing, can often reduce these symptoms by reducing the amount of bacteria and other irritants in dental plaque.
The increase in progesterone that occurs during menstrual periods can cause gum swelling and bleeding for some women, while others experience cold sores or canker sores. These symptoms can occur for a few days and usually go away once the period starts. Again, it's important to maintain good oral hygiene practices during these times by making sure to brush twice a day and floss at least once a day. For those who experience extra sensitivity in the gums at certain stages of their menstrual cycle, we recommend scheduling their dental check-up and cleaning outside of these times to avoid discomfort.
Certain birth control pills that contain progesterone may cause inflamed gum tissues. As well, having a tooth removed while on birth control pills, may increase the risk of a painful post-operative complication called dry socket. According to the Journal of the American Dental Association, women who use oral contraceptives are nearly twice as likely to experience dry sockets compared to those who do not. At your next dental check-up, be sure to let your dentist know if you are taking birth control pills..
Pregnancy can have a big impact on a woman's oral health due to an increased level of progesterone, which can cause gingivitis, especially during the second and early third trimesters. It is very important to keep up with a good daily brushing and flossing routine. It might be advisable to have more frequent cleanings during this time to reduce the chance of developing gingivitis. And, in the event of morning sickness, it's advisable not to brush immediately after vomiting, as vomiting introduces acids to the mouth and these acids can weaken tooth enamel. So, instead of brushing, a good rinse with water is effective.
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Changes in hormonal levels during menopause can have a major impact on women's oral health. Women may experience altered taste, burning sensations in the mouth, greater sensitivity to hot and cold foods and beverages, and decreased salivary flow that can result in dry mouth. Dry mouth can lead to the development of tooth decay and gum diseases, as not enough saliva is produced to moisten the mouth and neutralize acids produced by dental plaque. The decline in estrogen also puts older women at a greater risk for loss of bone density, which can affect the bone in our jaws. Extreme loss of bone density can lead to tooth loss. To help reduce the risk of dry mouth and bone loss, women should work with their physician to make sure they are getting the right amount of calcium and vitamin D, and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.
Our dentists should be advised of hormone replacement therapy and treatments for osteoporosis ("porous bones") as these can present considerations for oral surgery.
Visit our dental office regularly so we can help monitor your oral health and provide recommendations for managing the conditions noted above as well as any other oral health concerns. If you have questions about how to care for your oral health at any stage of life, don't hesitate to ask us at your next check-up or contact us. We're here to help keep your smile bright and healthy for many years to come!
Let's all celebrate International Women's Day in good health!
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At our North York dental office, our fees are based on the most current Ontario Dental Association fee guides.
If you have any questions about the costs of any of our dental services, please contact us so one of our staff members can clarify and guide you through the price determinations.
You can find our patient referral form here. We provide dental care for the whole family, including children's dentistry and emergency dental care.
